What is electric vehicle controller?

The electric vehicle controller is an important component of electric vehicles, playing the role of the "brain" of the vehicle and playing a crucial role in the performance of the electric vehicle. Here is a brief introduction to the electric vehicle controller:

1. Definition

The electric vehicle controller is the core control device used to control the starting, operation, forward and reverse, speed, stopping, and other electronic devices of the electric vehicle.

2. Function

Control motor operation: Based on the driver's operation instructions (such as acceleration, deceleration, braking, etc.), the controller sends corresponding electrical signals to the motor to control the motor's speed and torque. At the same time, the controller can monitor the battery voltage, reminding the driver to charge in time when the battery voltage is too low, and taking protective measures when the battery voltage is too high to prevent overcharging.

Efficient energy management: By monitoring battery parameters, optimizing energy distribution, and improving the endurance of the electric vehicle.

Real-time fault diagnosis: The electric vehicle controller has a built-in fault diagnosis system that can promptly detect faults in the system (such as overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, motor stall, etc.) and take corresponding protective measures to ensure driving safety.

Diverse communication interfaces: Support communication with other onboard devices to achieve more functional expansions.

In addition, the electric vehicle controller also features ultra-quiet design technology, automatic motor mode recognition system, regenerative braking function, stall protection function, brake power cut-off function, dynamic and static phase loss protection function, power tube protection function, anti-flying vehicle function, as well as various practical functions such as assistance, cruise, mode switching, anti-theft alarm, reversing, remote control, high-speed control, and motor phase compatibility.

3. Working Principle

The working principle of the electric vehicle controller mainly involves receiving input data from various sensors (such as battery supply current monitored by current sensors, wheel speed, etc.), processing this data to achieve power conversion, motor control, battery management, and regenerative braking of the electric vehicle. The controller uses PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control mechanism, utilizing high-frequency switching power devices (such as MOSFETs) for switching modulation, effectively controlling the speed and current of the motor.

4. Types

There are many types of electric vehicle controllers, mainly including the following:

AC electric vehicle controller: Uses AC power to drive the motor, suitable for medium and low-speed electric vehicles such as city buses and logistics vehicles. It has characteristics such as simple structure, low cost, and easy maintenance.

DC electric vehicle controller: Uses DC power to drive the motor, suitable for high-speed electric vehicles such as electric bicycles and electric motorcycles. It has characteristics such as fast response speed and high control accuracy.

Hybrid electric vehicle controller: Combines the advantages of AC and DC electric vehicle controllers, suitable for medium and high-speed electric vehicles such as hybrid cars. It has characteristics such as high efficiency, low noise, and energy saving.

In summary, the electric vehicle controller is one of the crucial components in electric vehicles, and its performance directly affects the driving performance and safety of the electric vehicle. When choosing an electric vehicle controller, it should be selected based on factors such as the vehicle's operating environment and performance requirements to ensure the normal operation and service life of the vehicle.